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Some consumers, especially those in Japan, prefer a larger apple, while apples below 5.5 cm ( 2 + 1⁄ 4 in) are generally used for making juice and have little fresh market value. Commercial growers aim to produce an apple that is 7 to 8.5 cm ( 2 + 3⁄ 4 to 3 + 1⁄ 4 in) in diameter, due to market preference. The fruit is a pome that matures in late summer or autumn, and cultivars exist in a wide range of sizes. The central flower of the inflorescence is called the "king bloom" it opens first and can develop a larger fruit. The 3 to 4 cm (1 to 1 + 1⁄ 2 in) flowers are white with a pink tinge that gradually fades, five petaled, with an inflorescence consisting of a cyme with 4–6 flowers. This use is analogous to the French language use of pomme.īlossoms are produced in spring simultaneously with the budding of the leaves and are produced on spurs and some long shoots. This is ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European * ab(e)l-, but the precise original meaning and the relationship between both words is uncertain.Īs late as the 17th century, the word also functioned as a generic term for all fruit other than berries but including nuts-such as the 14th century Middle English word appel of paradis, meaning a banana.

The word apple, formerly spelled æppel in Old English, is derived from the Proto-Germanic root * ap(a)laz, which could also mean fruit in general.

4 Significance in European cultures and societies.

Worldwide production of apples in 2018 was 86 million tonnes, with China accounting for nearly half of the total. In 2010, the fruit's genome was sequenced as part of research on disease control and selective breeding in apple production. Trees and fruit are prone to a number of fungal, bacterial, and pest problems, which can be controlled by a number of organic and non-organic means. Different cultivars are bred for various tastes and uses, including cooking, eating raw, and cider production. There are more than 7,500 known cultivars of apples. Rootstocks are used to control the speed of growth and the size of the resulting tree, allowing for easier harvesting. Apple trees grown without rootstocks tend to be larger and much slower to fruit after planting. Generally, apple cultivars are propagated by clonal grafting onto rootstocks. Apples have religious and mythological significance in many cultures, including Norse, Greek, and European Christian tradition.Īpples grown from seed tend to be very different from those of their parents, and the resultant fruit frequently lacks desired characteristics.

Apples have been grown for thousands of years in Asia and Europe and were brought to North America by European colonists.

The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, Malus sieversii, is still found today. Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus Malus. An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree ( Malus domestica).